مکالمه انگلیسی بین دو نفر درباره ورزش نوجوانان

Jim: Okay Monica, we’re going to debate winning and sports, especially for young people. So do you think that winning should be stressed with sports, with, let’s say high school athletes?

Monica: Well, it depends on the situation and what they’re training for, but generally I think that winning is overemphasized in sport. I think that participation is more important. Yeah.

Jim: Why would you say that?

Monica: Well, I think if you concentrate too much on winning, then the problem is, if you don’t win, you don’t enjoy the sport, so the emphasis is shifted from enjoyment to basically results, so I think it can be quite damaging.

Jim: Right. I kind of agree with what you’re saying. And actually, I played high school sports, and I was never very good. And I always wish I participated more than I did, but I actually think that the focus on winning in some ways is quite important, and that it does serve a good purpose to have a focus on winning rather than on participation.

I think the main reason is because when you focus on winning, that drives everybody to be better. So if you want to win, if you want to be on the team, etc., you have to force yourself to be better, and it’s the carrot on the end of the stick. And it makes people train harder, work harder, it sets a goal for them, and it kind of prepares them for life that sometimes you fail, and sometimes you don’t get what you want. And so that’s why sports and the whole focus on winning is good because it’s exactly how life is in the real world.

Monica: I would tend to argue the other way and say that actually sport doesn’t reflect life in terms of winning and losing. I mean, let’s take a work situation. It’s not about winning or losing, it’s about cooperating with people that you work with, and so, if you have had an upbringing where you’ve been in a sports team that has been overly competitive, you could transfer that competitiveness into a workplace and it can be counterproductive because it may mean that you… you’re just not very good at being a team player in a work environment.

Jim: That’s actually a really good point. But you can also argue that actually, you know, even a work environment is like sport in that you have teamwork, and you have to work together, and if you don’t work together in a very productive way, maybe you’ll be out of a job, or your company won’t be productive, so you need to have that instinct to continually drive to be better; to be better than other people. And it sounds really brutal, but I think that’s just how business works.

Monica: Well you’re talking about work being business, but I mean, I’m a teacher, and… it brings me to quite an interesting discussion that’s taking place now in teaching, which is two different, kind of political views really, in terms of teachers because people want high standards in terms of their teachers. And one idea is to rate teachers in comparison to other teachers, and basically give the top teachers incentives so that they get paid more than teachers who aren’t as good as them. But the counter-argument to that is that it creates a really hostile environment in the workplace, and in a school where you really need teachers to work together, I’m not sure that that’s the best way to go.

Jim: Yeah, well that’s another debate for another day.

Monica: Is that a cop out or what?

Answer the following questions about the interview.

1) Monica says winning is _______ .

1. a) essential
2. b) important
3. c) overemphasized

2) Jim says winning ________ .

1. a) serves a purpose
2. b) teaches people character
3. c) in high school is not important

3) He says winning is _______ .

1. a) the key to life
2. b) the carrot on the stick
3. c) the gold at the rainbow

4) Monica says competition can create ______ .

1. a) confusion
2. b) conflict
3. c) comradere

5) Jim says winning creates _______ .

1. a) drive
2. b) envy
3. c) cruelty

Answers

• 1=c
• 2=a
• 3=b
• 4=b
• 5=a

focus on winning

Children shouldn’t focus on winning in school sports.

When you focus on something, you concentrate your energy on that one thing. When you focus on winning, you play a sport mainly to win. You do not play the sport for fun or to learn something. Winning is the most important thing: Notice the following:

1. At the professional level, there is a huge focus on winning.
2. Because he only focused on winning, sports became a job and he no longer enjoyed it.

force yourself

You have to force yourself to be better.

When you force yourself to do something, you make yourself do it even though you do not want to do it. Notice the following:

1. I forced myself to finally go and see the doctor.
2. I forced myself to study three hours a day.

reflect life

I don’t think sports reflect life actually.

When something reflects life, it “mirrors” life and looks just like it . Notice the following:

1. The movie was popular because it reflected life in modern times.
2. Sports reflect life because, just as in life, sometimes you win and sometimes you lose.

counterproductive

It can be counterproductive to act that way.

When something is counterproductive that means it serves a purpose, but at the cost of something else. For example, if you stay up studying all night for a test, it can be counterproductive because the next day you will be too tired to remember anything or be able to focus on the test.

1. It is counterproductive to eat fast-food after exercising.
2. It is counterproductive to take a course that is too difficult for you. You will not learn very much.

counter-argument

The counter-argument is that it creates a hostile environment.

A counter-argument is an argument that goes against an original argument. Notice the following:

1. Some teachers argue students need tests to motivate them, but one counter-argument is that tests take the fun out of learning.
2. One counter-argument to solar energy is that solar panels are very expensive to make.

hostile environment

It creates a hostile environment in the workplace.

In a hostile environment, people do not feel comfortable because other people make them feel not welcome or show anger or hatred towards them. Notice the following:

1. The soccer team faced a hostile environment when it played in the other teams stadium.
2. Prison is a very hostile environment.

cop out

Is that a cop-out or what?

When you cop out of something, you try to get out of or evade doing it. People are expecting you to do something, but you elect not to do it often for another reason, such as an injury or some type of excuse. For example, if you are playing soccer and losing badly, and then ask to stop playing because you are tired, then you cop out. Notice the following:

1. He copped out of class because he did not do the homework.
2. He copped out of going to work because his child was sick, even though his wife could stay home and take care of his daughter.

• focus on
• force
• reflect
• hostile
• cop out

1. Don’t……….  because you are losing!
2. I was so tired but I was able to……..  myself to stay awake.
3. I think sports should……….  participation and fun.
4. The office had a……….  environment after three workers lost their job.
5. I do not think movies today……..  life at all. They are so unrealistic.